A Control Strategy for Zeta Converter Adaptation in Photovoltaic Systems: Genetic Algorithm-Based PID Controller

The demand for efficient and stable DC-DC converters has grown due to their widespread use in renewable energy systems, battery-operated devices, and switched-mode power supplies. The zeta converter, a unique type, offers benefits such as steady output current, low output voltage changes, and the ability to function as both a buck and boost converter. However, unpredictable behavior can lead to issues such as fluctuations in output, excessive overshooting, and instability, which can negatively impact sensitive devices. This paper proposes a method to model, simulate, and study a zeta converter in continuous conduction mode (CCM) to address voltage control problems caused by input changes. The proposed solution involves using a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller adjusted with a genetic algorithm (GA) to improve dynamic response and reduce output voltage ripple and peak overshoot in transient conditions. The simulation results show that the GA-improved PID controller significantly enhances converter performance by reducing voltage ripple and peak overshoot. The controller can maintain a fixed output voltage despite changes in input and load, making it an effective method for utilizing renewable energy and other sensitive power electronic devices.