Review on Advances in MPC-Based EMS for EV and V2G Systems

Grid stability, energy efficiency, and coordinated power exchange face additional difficulties as a result of the EV industry's explosive growth. The current uses of MPC in EV integration and V2G operation are examined in this review. Out of more than 5,140 records from Scopus and WoS, more than 100 pertinent papers were shortlisted using the PRISMA approach. The findings demonstrate that MPC-based techniques significantly enhance system performance, with up to 35% fewer frequency fluctuations, 20–30% lower harmonic levels, and 15-20% longer battery life. Under uncertainty, hybrid MPC techniques that include adaptive or learning-based components also improve dynamic response by roughly 25%. Nevertheless, computational complexity, restricted scalability for dense EV fleets, and the absence of consistent communication protocols continue to limit wider adoption. To promote large-scale, resilient EV-grid interaction, future research should focus on real-time digital modeling, machine learning-enhanced prediction, and regulatory frameworks.