Robust LQR Control Design for High Efficiency Battery Supercapacitor Hybrid Storage Systems

The integration of renewable energy sources into microgrid systems presents significant control challenges due to their inherent intermittency and rapid fluctuations in power output. This work proposes a robust control framework based on the LQR for managing a HESS composed of batteries and supercapacitors within a PV microgrid. Compared to conventional pole-placement techniques for tuning state-feedback regulators, the LQR approach offers notable advantages: it systematically optimizes control performance by balancing state regulation and control effort through adjustable weighting matrices; it ensures a globally optimal solution that enhances system stability and robustness under parameter uncertainties; and it simplifies the controller design process by avoiding complex pole assignment procedures, thus providing better scalability and ease of implementation. Through extensive simulation scenarios, the LQR-based controller demonstrates superior dynamic responses, including faster stabilization, reduced power fluctuation, and improved energy management efficiency. These results confirm that the LQR method significantly outperforms pole-placement strategies, offering a more reliable and adaptable control solution for advanced microgrid energy management in renewable-dominant environments.